Next question: How does substance abuse affect how teens view themselves and their outlook on life?
That’s a really important question because when substances are introduced into a teen’s life, they can significantly affect the brain. Different substances have different effects, but many create temporary emotional highs followed by emotional lows.
For example, a substance may produce an intense temporary high, but afterward there is often a price to pay when coming down. As Anna Lembke explains in her book Dopamine Nation, substances create a dopamine surge, but the brain eventually compensates, leading to a lower emotional state afterward. During that low period, teens may feel more depressed or develop an attitude of not caring.
This creates a roller-coaster effect. Substances can widen emotional highs and lows, which can be frightening and destabilizing for teens.
To truly understand what is happening, we need to know the type of substance being used. Some substances slow the brain down, while others speed it up. For example, marijuana typically slows brain activity, while stimulant or amphetamine-based drugs create a rapid emotional or mental high followed by a crash.
Often, substance use is a form of self-medication. Teens may be trying to escape uncomfortable internal feelings or emotional distress.
Ideally, we want to help teens regulate their minds and bodies in healthier ways. Practices such as mindfulness, deep breathing, and meditation can help calm the nervous system. Concepts like the polyvagal theory, described by Dr. Stephen Porges, emphasize activating the vagus nerve to help the body relax and feel safe.
I recently read an example about a child who was anxious and constantly on edge. The father realized he hadn’t shared meaningful, healthy physical connection with his child. When he intentionally hugged and held his son, the child calmed down in a way they hadn’t seen for months.
This highlights how powerful relational experiences can be. Healthy touch, meaningful conversations, playing together, and spending time in connection all help regulate emotions. The key theme here is relationship.
If substances are present, one of the most powerful antidotes is strengthening relationships and helping teens experience the value of meaningful human connection.
